{
  pkgs,
  scale ? null,
  ...
}: let
  nautilus = "${pkgs.nautilus}/bin/nautilus";
  playerctl = "${pkgs.playerctl}/bin/playerctl";
  wpctl = "${pkgs.wireplumber}/bin/wpctl";
  brightnessctl = "${pkgs.brightnessctl}/bin/brightnessctl";
  # Spawn a foot terminal that the "duplicate window" keybind can later trace back to
  # its shell. foot's --server mode makes every window report the *server's* PID to the
  # compositor, so niri can't distinguish windows by PID. Instead we give each window a
  # unique app-id ("footclient-<pid>") and export the same value as FOOT_APPID into its
  # shell; -E hands footclient's environment (incl. FOOT_APPID) to the server-spawned
  # shell. launch_terminal then finds the focused window's shell by matching FOOT_APPID.
  spawn_terminal = pkgs.writeShellScriptBin "spawn_terminal" ''
    ID="footclient-$$"
    export FOOT_APPID="$ID"
    exec ${pkgs.foot}/bin/footclient -E --app-id="$ID" "$@"
  '';
  launch_terminal = pkgs.writeShellScriptBin "launch_terminal" ''
    function find_leaf_pid(){
        local PID
        local RET
        local NAME
        PID=$1
        for CHILD_PID in $(pgrep -P "$PID"); do
            RET=$(find_leaf_pid "$CHILD_PID")
            if [ "$RET" != "" ]; then
                PID="$RET"
            fi
        done
        NAME=$(ps -p "$PID" -o comm=)
        if [ "$NAME" == "zsh" ]; then
            echo "$PID"
        elif [ "$NAME" == "ssh" ]; then
            echo "$PID"
        fi
    }

    # foot runs in --server mode, so niri reports the shared server PID for every foot
    # window and cannot tell them apart. Resolve the focused window to its own shell by
    # matching the FOOT_APPID marker that spawn_terminal exports into each window: scan
    # the server's direct children for the one whose environment carries our app-id.
    FOCUSED=$(niri msg --json focused-window)
    SERVER_PID=$(echo "$FOCUSED" | ${pkgs.jq}/bin/jq -r '.pid // empty')
    APP_ID=$(echo "$FOCUSED" | ${pkgs.jq}/bin/jq -r '.app_id // empty')

    ROOT_PID=""
    if [ -n "$APP_ID" ] && [ -n "$SERVER_PID" ]; then
        for CHILD in $(pgrep -P "$SERVER_PID"); do
            if grep -qzF "FOOT_APPID=$APP_ID" "/proc/$CHILD/environ" 2>/dev/null; then
                ROOT_PID="$CHILD"
                break
            fi
        done
    fi

    # Focused window isn't one of our tagged foot terminals: just open a plain terminal.
    if [ -z "$ROOT_PID" ]; then
        exec ${spawn_terminal}/bin/spawn_terminal
    fi

    LEAF_PID=$(find_leaf_pid "$ROOT_PID")
    if [ "$(ps -p "$LEAF_PID" -o comm=)" == "ssh" ]; then
        SSH_COMMAND=$(ps -p "$LEAF_PID" -o args --no-headers)
        if [[ "$SSH_COMMAND" == *"waypipe"* ]]; then
            CLIENT=$(echo "$SSH_COMMAND" | awk '{ print $5 }')
            PREVIOUS_SESSION_ID=$(grep -z "SSH_SESSION_ID" "/proc/$LEAF_PID/environ" | xargs -0 -n 1 | grep -oP "[0-9]*")
            SSH_SESSION_ID=$RANDOM
            ${spawn_terminal}/bin/spawn_terminal zsh -c "SSH_SESSION_ID=$SSH_SESSION_ID waypipe ssh -t \"$CLIENT\" env SSH_SESSION_ID=\"$SSH_SESSION_ID\" PREVIOUS_SESSION_ID=\"$PREVIOUS_SESSION_ID\" \"zsh --login\""
        else
            ${spawn_terminal}/bin/spawn_terminal zsh -c "ssh -t \"$(echo "$SSH_COMMAND" | awk '{ print $2 }')\""
        fi
    else # Not an ssh session: open a local terminal in the same directory.
        CWD=$(readlink -e /proc/"$LEAF_PID"/cwd)
        if [ "$CWD" != "" ]; then
            ${spawn_terminal}/bin/spawn_terminal --working-directory "$CWD"
        else
            ${spawn_terminal}/bin/spawn_terminal
        fi
    fi
  '';
in {
  # Since native Home Manager doesn't have a programs.niri module yet,
  # we generate the KDL configuration file directly.
  home.packages = with pkgs; [
    wl-clipboard
  ];
  programs.hyprlock = {
    enable = true;
    settings = {
      input-field = [
        {
          size = "200, 50";
          position = "0, -80";
          monitor = "";
          dots_center = true;
          fade_on_empty = true;
          font_color = "rgb(202, 211, 245)";
          inner_color = "rgb(91, 96, 120)";
          outer_color = "rgb(24, 25, 38)";
          outline_thickness = 3;
          placeholder_text = "<span foreground=\"##cad3f5\">Password...</span>";
          shadow_passes = 2;
        }
      ];
      general = {
        no_fade_in = false;
      };
      background = [
        {
          path = "screenshot";
          blur_passes = 3;
          blur_size = 8;
        }
      ];
    };
  };

  xdg.configFile."niri/config.kdl".text = ''
        spawn-at-startup "${pkgs.swaybg}/bin/swaybg" "-i" "${../hyprland/files/wallpaper.png}" "-m" "fill"
        spawn-at-startup "foot" "--server"
        spawn-at-startup "ags" "run"
        spawn-at-startup "${pkgs.mate-polkit}/bin/polkit-mate"
        prefer-no-csd

        hotkey-overlay {
            skip-at-startup
        }

        gestures {
            hot-corners {
                off
            }
        }


        layout {
            gaps 5
            border {
                off
            }
            focus-ring {
                width 4
                active-color "rgba(0, 47, 95, 238)"
                inactive-color "rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)"
            }
        }

        input {
            mouse {
                accel-speed 0.5
            }
            touchpad {
                tap
            }
            keyboard {
                xkb {
                    options "compose:rctrl"
                }
            }
            focus-follows-mouse max-scroll-amount="10%"
            warp-mouse-to-focus
        }
        output "HDMI-A-1" {
            scale 1.0
            position x=0 y=-2160
        }
    ${
      if scale != null
      then ''
        output "eDP-1" {
            scale ${toString scale}
            position x=0 y=0
        }
      ''
      else ""
    }    window-rule {
            match app-id="vicinae"
            open-floating true
        }

        binds {
            // General Binds
                Mod+Return { spawn "${launch_terminal}/bin/launch_terminal"; }
            Mod+Shift+Return { spawn "${spawn_terminal}/bin/spawn_terminal"; }
            Mod+Q { close-window; }
            Mod+A { spawn "${nautilus}"; }
            Mod+B { spawn "Helium"; }
            Mod+M { maximize-column; }
            Mod+F {maximize-window-to-edges;}
            Mod+Tab { toggle-overview; }

            // Vicinae Binds
            Mod+C { spawn "vicinae" "vicinae://launch/clipboard/history"; }
            Mod+N { spawn "vicinae" "vicinae://launch/wm/switch-windows"; }
            Mod+Escape { spawn "vicinae" "open" "-q" "Power Management "; }
            Mod+Space { spawn "vicinae" "toggle"; }

            Mod+Comma  { consume-or-expel-window-left; }
            Mod+Period { consume-or-expel-window-right; }

            Mod+Alt+H { set-column-width "-5%"; }
            Mod+Alt+L { set-column-width "+5%"; }
            Mod+Alt+K { set-window-height "-5%"; }
            Mod+Alt+J { set-window-height "+5%"; }

            // Movement
            Mod+H { focus-column-or-monitor-left; }
            Mod+J { focus-window-or-monitor-down; }
            Mod+K { focus-window-or-monitor-up; }
            Mod+L { focus-column-or-monitor-right; }

            Mod+Shift+H { move-column-left-or-to-monitor-left; }
            Mod+Shift+L { move-column-right-or-to-monitor-right; }
            Mod+Shift+J { move-window-down-or-to-workspace-down; }
            Mod+Shift+K { move-window-up-or-to-workspace-up; }

            // Move window to the other monitor
            Mod+Ctrl+K { move-window-to-monitor-up; }
            Mod+Ctrl+J { move-window-to-monitor-down; }

            // Workspaces
            Mod+Shift+U { move-column-to-workspace-down; }
            Mod+Shift+I { move-column-to-workspace-up; }

            Mod+I { focus-workspace-up; }
            Mod+U { focus-workspace-down; }
            Mod+1 { focus-workspace 1; }
            Mod+2 { focus-workspace 2; }
            Mod+3 { focus-workspace 3; }
            Mod+4 { focus-workspace 4; }
            Mod+5 { focus-workspace 5; }
            Mod+6 { focus-workspace 6; }
            Mod+7 { focus-workspace 7; }
            Mod+8 { focus-workspace 8; }
            Mod+9 { focus-workspace 9; }

            // Move to workspace
            Mod+Shift+1 { move-column-to-workspace 1; }
            Mod+Shift+2 { move-column-to-workspace 2; }
            Mod+Shift+3 { move-column-to-workspace 3; }
            Mod+Shift+4 { move-column-to-workspace 4; }
            Mod+Shift+5 { move-column-to-workspace 5; }
            Mod+Shift+6 { move-column-to-workspace 6; }
            Mod+Shift+7 { move-column-to-workspace 7; }
            Mod+Shift+8 { move-column-to-workspace 8; }
            Mod+Shift+9 { move-column-to-workspace 9; }

            Print { screenshot; }
            Ctrl+Alt+L {spawn "${pkgs.hyprlock}/bin/hyprlock"; }

            XF86MonBrightnessUp   { spawn "${brightnessctl}" "set" "+10%"; }
            XF86MonBrightnessDown { spawn "${brightnessctl}" "set" "10%-"; }

            // Volume
            XF86AudioRaiseVolume { spawn "${wpctl}" "set-volume" "@DEFAULT_AUDIO_SINK@" "10%+" "--limit" "1.0"; }
            XF86AudioLowerVolume { spawn "${wpctl}" "set-volume" "@DEFAULT_AUDIO_SINK@" "10%-"; }
            XF86AudioMute        { spawn "${wpctl}" "set-mute" "@DEFAULT_AUDIO_SINK@" "toggle"; }
            XF86AudioMicMute     { spawn "${wpctl}" "set-mute" "@DEFAULT_AUDIO_SOURCE@" "toggle"; }

            // Ctrl + horizontal mouse scroll controls volume
            // (unmodified WheelScroll binds capture the whole wheel in niri and break normal scrolling)
            Ctrl+Alt+WheelScrollRight cooldown-ms=10 { spawn "${wpctl}" "set-volume" "@DEFAULT_AUDIO_SINK@" "1%+" "--limit" "1.0"; }
            Ctrl+Alt+WheelScrollLeft  cooldown-ms=10 { spawn "${wpctl}" "set-volume" "@DEFAULT_AUDIO_SINK@" "1%-"; }

            // Mod + horizontal scroll moves between windows (columns) left/right
            Mod+WheelScrollRight cooldown-ms=200 { focus-column-right; }
            Mod+WheelScrollLeft  cooldown-ms=200 { focus-column-left; }

            // Mod + vertical scroll moves between workspaces up/down
            Mod+WheelScrollDown cooldown-ms=100 { focus-workspace-down; }
            Mod+WheelScrollUp   cooldown-ms=100 { focus-workspace-up; }

            // Media
            XF86AudioNext  { spawn "${playerctl}" "next"; }
            XF86AudioPrev  { spawn "${playerctl}" "previous"; }
            Mod+XF86AudioMute        { spawn "${playerctl}" "play-pause"; }
            Mod+XF86AudioRaiseVolume { spawn "${playerctl}" "next"; }
            Mod+XF86AudioLowerVolume { spawn "${playerctl}" "previous"; }
        }
  '';
}